Macapillary dispensers anonyanya kushandiswa mudzimba uye zvidiki zvekutengesa zvikumbiro uko kupisa kwemoto pane evaporator kunenge kwakamira.Aya masisitimu zvakare ane yakaderera refrigerant kuyerera mazinga uye anowanzo shandisa hermetic compressors.Vagadziri vanoshandisa capillaries nekuda kwekureruka kwavo uye mutengo wakaderera.Uye zvakare, masisitimu mazhinji anoshandisa capillaries seyeyero mudziyo haidi yakakwira-side inogamuchira, ichiwedzera kuderedza mari.
Machubhu eCapillary haasi chinhu chinopfuura machubhu akareba ediki dhayamita uye yakagadziriswa kureba yakaiswa pakati pecondenser uye evaporator.Iyo capillary inoyera chaizvo firiji kubva kune condenser kuenda kune evaporator.Nekuda kwehurefu hukuru uye dhayamita diki, kana firiji ichiyerera nepakati payo, kukwesha kwemvura uye kudonha kwekumanikidza kunoitika.Muchokwadi, sezvo iyo subcooled fluid inoyerera ichibva pasi pecondenser kuburikidza nemacapillaries, imwe yemvura inogona kufashaira ichisangana nemadonhwe ekumanikidza aya.Aya madonhwe ekumanikidza anounza mvura iri pasi pesimba resaturation patembiricha yayo panzvimbo dzakati wandei padivi pecapillary.Kubwaira uku kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwemvura kana pressure ichidonha.
Ukuru hwemvura inopenya (kana iripo) huchaenderana nechiyero che supercooling yemvura kubva kune condenser uye capillary pachayo.Kana kupenya kwemvura kukaitika, zvinodikanwa kuti iyo flash ive padyo ne evaporator sezvinobvira kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakanyanya kwehurongwa.Iyo inotonhora mvura kubva pasi pecondenser, iyo shoma mvura inopinda nemu capillary.Iyo capillary inowanzoputirwa, kupfuura kana kuti welded kune yekusveta mutsara wekuwedzera subcooling kudzivirira mvura iri mucapillary kubva pakuvira.Nekuti iyo capillary inorambidza uye inoyera kuyerera kwemvura kune evaporator, inobatsira kuchengetedza kudonhedza kwekumanikidza kunodiwa kuti sisitimu ishande nemazvo.
Iyo capillary chubhu uye compressor ndizvo zvikamu zviviri zvinopatsanura yakakwira yekumanikidza divi kubva kune yakaderera yekumanikidza divi refiriji system.
A capillary chubhu inosiyana kubva kune yekuwedzera valve metering mudziyo mukuti haina zvikamu zvinofamba uye haidzore kupisa kwakanyanya kweiyo evaporator pasi pemamiriro ekupisa.Kunyange kana pasina zvikamu zvinofamba, capillary tubes inoshandura kuyerera kwehuwandu sezvo evaporator uye / kana condenser system pressure inoshanduka.Muchokwadi, inongowana hunyanzvi hwekuita kana kudzvanywa kwepamusoro uye kwakaderera kubatanidzwa.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo capillary inoshanda nekushandisa mutsauko wekumanikidza pakati pekumusoro uye kuderera kumanikidza mativi efiriji system.Sezvo mutsauko wepakati pakati pepamusoro uye wakaderera mativi ehurongwa unowedzera, iyo refrigerant inoyerera ichawedzera.Machubhu eCapillary anoshanda zvinogutsa pamusoro pehupamhi hwemadonhwe ekudzvinyirira, asi kazhinji haanyanyo shanda.
Sezvo capillary, evaporator, compressor uye condenser zvakabatana munhevedzano, chiyero chekuyerera mu capillary chinofanira kuenzana nepombi ichidzika kumhanya kwecompressor.Ichi ndicho chikonzero iyo yakaverengerwa kureba uye dhayamita ye capillary pane yakaverengerwa evaporation uye condensation kumanikidzwa kwakakosha uye kunofanirwa kuenzana nepombi kugona pasi pemamiriro akafanana ekugadzira.Kwakawanda kutendeuka mu capillary kuchakanganisa kuramba kwayo kuyerera uye zvobva zvakanganisa chiyero chehurongwa.
Kana iyo capillary yakarebesa uye ichiramba yakawandisa, pachava nekudzika kwekuyerera kwenzvimbo.Kana iyo dhayamita iri diki kana kune yakawandisa kutendeuka painomonereka, kugona kwechubhu kuchave kushoma pane iyo compressor.Izvi zvinoguma nekushaikwa kwemafuta mu evaporator, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekusveta kudzvinyirira uye kupisa kwakanyanya.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo subcooled fluid ichayerera ichidzokera kune condenser, ichigadzira musoro wepamusoro nekuti hapana mugamuchiri muhurongwa hwekubata firiji.Nemusoro wepamusoro uye kudzika kwakadzika mu evaporator, iyo refrigerant inoyerera mwero inokwira nekuda kwekudonha kwepamusoro kudonha kuyambuka capillary chubhu.Panguva imwecheteyo, kuita kwe compressor kunodzikira nekuda kweiyo yepamusoro compression ratio uye yakaderera volumetric kunyatso.Izvi zvinomanikidza sisitimu kuti ienzane, asi kumusoro wepamusoro uye kuderera kwe evaporation kumanikidza kunogona kutungamirira mukusashanda zvisina basa.
Kana iyo capillary inopikisa iri shoma pane inodiwa nekuda kwekupfupika kana kunyanyisa dhayamita, iyo refrigerant inoyerera mwero ichava yakakura kudarika kugona kwe compressor pombi.Izvi zvinozoguma nekukwira evaporator pressure, yakaderera superheat uye zvinokwanisika compressor mafashama nekuda kwekuwandisa kweiyo evaporator.Subcooling inogona kudonha mucondenser ichikonzera yakaderera musoro kudzvanywa uye kunyangwe kurasikirwa kwechisimbiso chemvura pazasi pecondenser.Uyu musoro wakaderera uye wakakwira kupfuura zvakajairwa evaporator kumanikidza kunoderedza iyo compression reshiyo yecompressor zvichikonzera yakakwirira volumetric kunyatso.Izvi zvichawedzera huwandu hwecompressor, iyo inogona kuenzana kana iyo compressor inogona kubata yakakwirira refrigerant inoyerera mu evaporator.Zvinowanzoitika kuti firiji inoputira compressor, zvichiita kuti compressor ikundike.
Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa, zvakakosha kuti capillary systems ine yakarurama (yakakosha) refrigerant charge muhurongwa hwavo.Yakawandisa kana yakawandisa firiji inogona kutungamirira mukusaenzana kwakakomba uye kukuvadza kwakakomba kune compressor nekuda kwekuyerera kwemvura kana mafashama.Kuti uwane saizi yecapillary yakakodzera, bvunza mugadziri kana tarisa kune saizi yemugadziri.Iyo system's nameplate kana nameplate inotaridza chaizvo kuti yakawanda sei refrigerant system inoda, kazhinji mugumi kana zana reaunzi.
Pakupisa kukuru kwe evaporator, capillary systems inowanzoshanda nepamusoro-soro;kutaura zvazviri, evaporator superheat ye40 ° kana 50 ° F haina kujairika pakuremerwa kwekupisa kwe evaporator.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti firiji iri muevaporator inobuda nekukasira uye inosimudza 100% mhute saturation point muevaporator, ichipa iyo system kuverenga kwakanyanya kupisa.Capillary machubhu haangove nemagadzirirwo emhinduro, senge thermostatic expansion valve (TRV) mwenje uri kure, kuudza mudziyo wekuyeresa kuti uri kushanda pakupisa kwakanyanya uye wogadzirisa woga.Naizvozvo, kana iyo evaporator mutoro wakakwira uye evaporator superheat yakakwira, sisitimu inozoshanda zvisingaite.
Izvi zvinogona kuva chimwe chezvakanyanya kuipa kweiyo capillary system.Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoda kuwedzera imwe firiji kune system nekuda kwekuverenga kwakanyanya kwepamusoro, asi izvi zvinongoremedza sisitimu.Usati wawedzera firiji, tarisa kune yakajairika superheat kuverenga pane yakaderera evaporator kupisa mitoro.Kana tembiricha iri munzvimbo yefiriji yakaderedzwa kusvika painoda tembiricha uye evaporator iri pasi pekupisa kwakadzika, yakajairika evaporator superheat inowanzoita 5° kusvika 10°F.Paunenge usina chokwadi, unganidza firiji, dhonza sisitimu uye wedzera iyo yakakosha refrigerant charge inoratidzwa pane nameplate.
Kana iyo yakakwira evaporator kupisa mutoro yadzikiswa uye sisitimu ichichinjika kune yakaderera evaporator kupisa mutoro, iyo evaporator mhute 100% saturation poindi inodzikira pamusoro mashoma ekupedzisira kupfuura evaporator.Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuderera kwehuwandu hwehuputi hwefiriji mu evaporator nekuda kwekuderera kwekupisa.Iyo sisitimu ichave neyakajairika evaporator superheat ingangoita 5° kusvika 10°F.Aya akajairwa evaporator superheat kuverenga anoitika chete kana evaporator kupisa mutoro wakadzikira.
Kana iyo capillary system yakazadzwa, inounganidza yakawandisa mvura mucondenser, ichikonzera kumusoro musoro nekuda kwekushaikwa kweanogamuchira muhurongwa.Kudonhedza kwehudzvanyiriri pakati pepasi nepamusoro-soro mativi ehurongwa huchawedzera, zvichikonzera kuyerera kwemvura kune evaporator kuwedzera uye evaporator kuwanda, zvichikonzera kuderera kwakanyanya.Inogona kutofashama kana kuvhara iyo compressor, ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei capillary masisitimu achifanira kubhadhariswa zvakanyanya kana kunyatso kubhadhariswa nehuwandu hwakatarwa hwefiriji.
John Tomczyk is Professor Emeritus of HVACR at Ferris State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan and co-author of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies published by Cengage Learning. Contact him at tomczykjohn@gmail.com.
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