Mifananidzo iripo yekudhawunirodha pawebhusaiti yeMIT Press Office inopihwa kune vasiri vezvekutengesa, vezvenhau, uye veruzhinji pasi peCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivative License.Haufanire kushandura mifananidzo yakapihwa, ingodyara ku saizi yakakodzera.Chikwereti chinofanira kushandiswa pakukopa mifananidzo;kana isina kupihwa pazasi, chikwereti "MIT" yemifananidzo.
MIT mainjiniya akagadzira robhoti ine magineti inodzora waya-yakaita serobhoti inokwanisa kutsvedza nenzira dzakatetepa, dzinomonereka, senge brain's labyrinthine vasculature.
Mune ramangwana, iyi tambo yerobhoti inogona kusanganiswa neiyo iripo endovascular tekinoroji, zvichibvumira vanachiremba kuti vatore kure kutungamira robhoti kuburikidza nemurwere tsinga dzeropa kukurumidza kubata blockages uye maronda, seaya anoitika mune aneurysms uye sitiroko.
“Sitiroko ndiyo yechishanu kukonzeresa rufu uye iri kukonzera kuremara muUnited States.Kana sitiroko dzakakomba dzichikwanisa kurapwa mumaminetsi ekutanga makumi mapfumbamwe kana kupfuura, kurarama kwemurwere kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya, "anodaro MIT Mechanical Engineering uye Zhao Xuanhe, akabatana nepurofesa wehuinjiniya hwemagariro uye kwezvakatipoteredza, vakati. blockage panguva ino 'yenguva yekutanga', tinogona kudzivirira kukuvara zvachose kwehuropi.Ndiyo tariro yedu.”
Zhao nechikwata chake, kusanganisira munyori anotungamira Yoonho Kim, mudzidzi akapedza kudzidza muMIT Dhipatimendi reMechanical Engineering, vanotsanangura dhizaini yavo yakapfava yerobhoti nhasi mumagazini yeScience Robotics.Vamwe vanyori vanyori vepepa ndiMIT akapedza kudzidza muGerman Alberto Parada uye mudzidzi anoshanyira. Shengduo Liu.
Kuti vabvise magwamba eropa kubva muuropi, vanachiremba vanowanzoita endovascular surgery, chirongwa chisinganyanyi kupindira apo chiremba anovhiya anopinza shinda yakatetepa kuburikidza netsinga huru yemurwere, kazhinji mugumbo kana groin.Under fluoroscopic guides, iyo inoshandisa X-rays kuti panguva imwe chete. mufananidzo tsinga dzeropa, chiremba anovhiya anobva atenderedza nemaoko waya kusvika mutsinga dzeropa dzehuropi dzakakanganisika.Catheter inogona kupfuudzwa newaya kuti iendese mushonga kana kuti clot retrieval device kunzvimbo yakabatwa.
Maitirwo acho anogona kunge achinetsa mumuviri, akadaro Kim, uye anoda kuti vavhiyi vanyatsodzidziswa kuti vamire kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi yefluoroscopy.
“Unyanzvi hunoda zvikuru, uye hapana vanachiremba vanovhiya vakakwana kuti vabatsire varwere, kunyanya mumadhorobha kana kumaruwa,” akadaro Kim.
Medical guidewires anoshandiswa mumaitirwo akadaro ndeekungoita, zvichireva kuti anofanirwa kugadzirwa nemaoko, uye anowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi alloy core uye akaputirwa nepolymer, izvo zvinonzi naKim zvinogona kukonzeresa uye kukuvadza tsinga dzeropa. nzvimbo yakaoma.
Chikwata chakaona kuti kusimukira murabhoritari yavo kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza maitiro endovascular, mukugadzirwa kwegwara uye mukuderedza kuratidzwa kwevanachiremba kune chero yakabatana nemwaranzi.
Mumakore mashoma apfuura, timu yakavaka hunyanzvi mumahydrogel (biocompatible zvinhu zvinonyanya kugadzirwa nemvura) uye 3D kudhinda magineti-actuated zvinhu zvinogona kugadzirwa kukambaira, kusvetuka uye kunyange kubata bhora. magineti.
Mubepa idzva, vaongorori vakabatanidza basa ravo pama hydrogel uye magineti actuation kugadzira magineti inodzora, hydrogel-yakavharidzirwa robhoti waya, kana guidewire, iyo vakakwanisa Kugadzira yakatetepa zvakakwana kuti itungamire tsinga dzeropa kuburikidza nehupenyu-saizi silicone replica brain. .
Nheyo yewaya yerobhoti inogadzirwa ne nickel-titanium alloy, kana "nitinol," zvinhu zvinogoneka uye elastic.Kusiyana nehanger, iyo inochengeta chimiro chayo kana yakakotama, iyo nitinol waya inodzokera kune yayo yekutanga, ichipa zvimwe. kuchinjika kana uchiputira zvakasimba, tsinga dzeropa dzinorwadza. Chikwata chakavhara pakati pewaya murubha peste, kana ingi, uye yakamisikidzwa magineti mairi.
Pakupedzisira, vakashandisa kemikari yavakanga vambogadzira kuti vapfeke uye vabatanidze magineti pamusoro peiyo hydrogel-chinhu chisingakanganise mapinduriro ezvimedu zvemagineti, zvichiri kupa nzvimbo yakatsetseka, isina friction, biocompatible.
Vakaratidza kurongeka uye kushandiswa kwewaya yerobhoti nekushandisa magineti hombe (kufanana netambo yepuppet) kutungamira waya kuburikidza nechipingamupinyi nzira yechiuno chidiki, chiyeuchidzo chewaya inopfuura nepaziso retsono.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaedzawo waya muhukuru hwehupenyu silicone replica yeuropi mikuru yeropa, kusanganisira clots uye aneurysms, iyo yakatevedzera maCT scans ehuropi hwemurwere chaiwo. , ipapo nemaoko manipulated magineti makuru akatenderedza modhi kuti atungamirire robhoti kuburikidza nemudziyo unomonereka, wakamanikana.
Tambo dzemarobhoti dzinogona kushandiswa, anodaro Kim, zvichireva kuti kushanda kunogona kuwedzerwa - semuenzaniso, kuendesa zvinodhaka zvinoderedza kugwamba kweropa kana kutyora blockages nema lasers. vaigona magnetically kutungamirira robhoti uye activate Laser kana yasvika kwaivavarirwa nzvimbo.
Vatsvakurudzi pavakafananidza hydrogel-yakavharwa robhoti waya newaya isina kuvharwa yerobhoti, vakaona kuti hydrogel yakapa waya iyo yaidiwa zvakanyanya inotsvedza mukana, ichiibvumira kutsvedza nemunzvimbo dzakasimba pasina kubatwa. ichi chivakwa chichava kiyi yekudzivirira kukweshana uye kukuvadzwa kune lining yemudziyo sezvo shinda ichipfuura.
“Chinetso chimwe mukuvhiya ndechokukwanisa kuyambuka tsinga dzeropa dzakaoma kunzwisisa dziri muuropi dzine dhayamita duku zvikuru zvokuti macatheter ezvokutengeserana haagoni kusvika,” akadaro Kyujin Cho, purofesa wokugadzira michina paSeoul National University.“Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti tingakunda sei dambudziko iri.zvinogoneka uye kugonesa kuvhiya muuropi pasina kuvhiyiwa pachena. "
Iyi tambo itsva yerobhoti inodzivirira sei vanovhiya kubva mumwaranzi? Iyo magnetically steerable guidewire inobvisa kudiwa kwevanovhiya kuti vasundire waya mutsinga yeropa remurwere, Kim akadaro.Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiremba zvakare haafanire kunge ari pedyo nemurwere uye , zvinonyanya kukosha, fluoroscope inogadzira mwaranzi.
Munguva pfupi iri kutevera, anofungidzira endovascular kuvhiyiwa kunosanganisira iripo magineti tekinoroji, senge mapeya emagineti makuru, achibvumira vanachiremba kuti vave kunze kwekamuri yekuvhiya, kure nefluoroscopes inofananidzira uropi hwevarwere, kana kunyange munzvimbo dzakasiyana zvachose.
"Mapuratifomu aripo anogona kushandisa magnetic field kumurwere uye kuita fluoroscopy panguva imwe chete, uye chiremba anogona kudzora magnetic field nejoystick mune imwe kamuri, kana kunyange mune rimwe guta," Kim akadaro. shandisa tekinoroji iripo padanho rinotevera kuyedza tambo yedu yerobhoti mu vivo. "
Mari yekutsvagisa yakauya muchikamu kubva kuHofisi yeNaval Research, MIT's Soldier Nanotechnology Institute, uye National Science Foundation (NSF).
Motherboard mutori wenhau Becky Ferreira anonyora kuti vatsvakurudzi veMIT vakagadzira tambo yerobhoti inogona kushandiswa kurapa tsinga dzeropa kana sitiroko.Marobhoti anogona kunge akashongedzerwa nemishonga kana lasers "anogona kuendeswa kunzvimbo dzine dambudziko dzehuropi.Rudzi urwu rwetekinoroji isinganyanyi kupindira inogona kubatsira kudzikisira kukuvadzwa kubva kunjodzi dzetsinga dzakadai sesitiroko. "
Vatsvakurudzi veMIT vakagadzira tambo itsva yemagnetron robotics inogona kutenderera kuburikidza neuropi hwemunhu, Smithsonian mutori wenhau Jason Daley anonyora.
Mutori wenhau weTechCrunch Darrell Etherington anonyora kuti vatsvakurudzi veMI vakagadzira tambo itsva yerobhoti inogona kushandiswa kuita kuti kuvhiyiwa kwehuropi kusanyanya kupindira.Etherington akatsanangura kuti tambo itsva yerobhoti inogona "kugona kuita kuti zvive nyore uye zvakanyanya kuwanikwa kurapa zvinetso zvecerebrovascular, zvakadai sekuvhara uye maronda anogona kukonzera aneurysms uye sitiroko. "
Vatsvakurudzi veMIT vakagadzira robhoti idzva rinodzorwa nemagineti iro rimwe zuva rinogona kubatsira kuti kuvhiyiwa kwouropi kusanyanya kupindira, anoshuma kudaro Chris Stocker-Walker weNew Scientist. kusvika patsinga dzeropa.”
Gizmodo mutori wenhau Andrew Liszewski anonyora kuti basa idzva-rakafanana nerobhoti rakagadzirwa nevatsvagiri veMIT rinogona kushandiswa kukurumidza kubvisa zvivharo uye magwara anokonzera sitiroko. kuti vanachiremba vokuvhiya vanowanzofanira kutsungirira,” Liszewski akatsanangura kudaro.