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Masiraidhi anoratidza zvinyorwa zvitatu pane siraidhi.Shandisa mabhatani ekumashure neanotevera kufamba nemumasiraidhi, kana mabhatani ekudzora masiraidhi ari kumagumo kuti ufambe nemumasiraidhi ega ega.
Zvichienderana nemharadzano yekudyidzana kwefizikisi nesainzi yehupenyu, nzira dzekuongorora uye dzekurapa dzinobva pamushonga chaiwo nguva pfupi yadarika yakwezva kutarisisa nekuda kwekushanda kwemaitiro matsva einjiniya munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemishonga, kunyanya muoncology.Mukati megadziriro iyi, kushandiswa kweiyo ultrasound kurwisa maseru egomarara mumamota kuitira kukonzeresa kukuvara kwemuchina pazvikero zvakasiyana kuri kukwezva kutarisisa kubva kumasaenzi pasi rese.Tichifunga nezvezvinhu izvi, zvichibva pane elastodynamic nguva mhinduro uye manhamba simulations, isu tinopa yekutanga ongororo yekombuta simulation yekuparadzira ultrasound mumatissue kuitira kuti tisarudze ma frequency nemasimba akakodzera neradiation yenzvimbo.New diagnostic platform yerabhoritari On-Fiber tekinoroji, inonzi tsono yechipatara uye yatove patented.Zvinotendwa kuti mhedzisiro yekuongorora uye ine chekuita neruzivo rwebiophysical inogona kuvhura nzira yetsva yakasanganiswa yekuongorora uye yekurapa nzira dzinogona kuita basa repakati mukushandiswa kwemishonga chaiyo mune ramangwana, kutora kubva kuminda yefizikisi.Kuwedzera kuwirirana pakati pebiology kuri kutanga .
Nekugadziridzwa kwenhamba yakawanda yemakiriniki ekushandisa, kudiwa kwekudzikisa mhedzisiro pavarwere zvishoma nezvishoma kwakatanga kubuda.Kuti izvi zviitike, precision mushonga1, 2, 3, 4, 5 chave chinangwa chekudzikisa dhamu yemishonga inounzwa kuvarwere, zvichiteedzera nzira mbiri huru.Yekutanga yakavakirwa pamushonga wakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nemurwere genomic profile.Yechipiri, iyo iri kuita chiyero chegoridhe mune oncology, ine chinangwa chekudzivirira systemic dhizaini nzira nekuyedza kuburitsa shoma shoma yemushonga, ukuwo ichiwedzera huchokwadi kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwekurapa kwenzvimbo.Chinangwa chekupedzisira ndechekubvisa kana kudzikisa kuipa kwemaitiro mazhinji ekurapa, senge chemotherapy kana systemic manejimendi eradionuclides.Zvichienderana nerudzi rwegomarara, nzvimbo, radiation dose, uye zvimwe zvinhu, kunyangwe kurapwa neradiation kunogona kuve nenjodzi yakakura kune hutano.Mukurapa glioblastoma6,7,8,9 kuvhiyiwa kunobudirira kubvisa kenza iri pasi, asi kunyangwe pasina metastases, madiki madiki egomarara anogona kunge aripo.Kana dzikasabviswa zvachose, huwandu hutsva hwegomarara hunogona kukura mukati menguva pfupi.Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, nzira dzambotaurwa dzemushonga chaidzo dzakaoma kushandisa nekuti idzi dzinopinda dzinonetsa kuona nekupararira munzvimbo yakakura.Izvi zvipingamupinyi zvinodzivirira mhedzisiro yekudzivirira chero kudzoka nemishonga chaiyo, saka nzira dzekutumira dzakarongeka dzinofarirwa mune dzimwe nguva, kunyangwe mishonga inoshandiswa inogona kunge iine huturu hwakanyanya.Kukunda dambudziko iri, nzira yakakodzera yekurapa ingave yekushandisa nzira dzinopinda zvishoma dzinogona kurwisa cancer maseru pasina kukanganisa nyama ine hutano.Mukuona kweiyi nharo, kushandiswa kwema ultrasonic vibrations, izvo zvakaratidzwa kuti zvinokanganisa kenza uye masero ane utano zvakasiyana, zvose mu unicellular systems uye mu mesoscale heterogeneous clusters, inoita senge mhinduro inogoneka.
Kubva pakuona mechanistic, maseru ane hutano uye ane cancer ane akasiyana echisikigo resonant frequency.Ichi chivakwa chakabatana nekuchinja kweoncogenic mumagetsi eiyo cytoskeletal chimiro chekenza maseru12,13, nepo bundu masero ari, paavhareji, anokanganisa kupfuura akajairwa maseru.Nekudaro, nesarudzo yakakwana yeiyo ultrasound frequency yekukurudzira, vibrations inokonzereswa munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa inogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwehupenyu hwegomarara zvimiro, kuderedza kukanganisa kune hutano nharaunda yeanotambira.Izvi zvisati zvanyatsonzwisiswa mhedzisiro zvinogona kusanganisira kuparadzwa kwemamwe ma cellular structural components nekuda kwekukwirira-frequency vibrations kunokonzerwa ne ultrasound (musimboti wakada kufanana ne lithotripsy14) uye kukuvara kweserura nekuda kwechiitiko chakafanana nekuneta kwemagetsi, izvo zvinogona kushandura cellular chimiro. .programming uye mechanobiology.Kunyangwe iyi mhinduro yedzidziso inoratidzika kunge yakakodzera kwazvo, zvinosuruvarisa kuti haigone kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo anechoic biological zvimiro zvinodzivirira kushandiswa kwakananga kweiyo ultrasound, semuenzaniso, mune intracranial application nekuda kwekuvapo kwebhonzo, uye mamwe mazamu bundu mazamu ari muadipose. tishu.Attenuation inogona kudzikisira saiti yekugona kurapa maitiro.Kuti ukunde matambudziko aya, Ultrasound inofanira kuiswa munharaunda ine ma transducers akagadzirwa anogona kusvika panzvimbo ine irradiated zvisinganyanyi kupindira sezvinobvira.Tichifunga izvi, takafunga nezve mukana wekushandisa mazano ane chekuita nekugona kwekugadzira hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji chikuva chinonzi "chipatara chetsono"15.Pfungwa ye "Chipatara Mutsono" inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwechishandiso chekurapa chechirwere chekuongorora uye chekurapa, zvichienderana nekubatanidzwa kwemabasa akasiyana mune imwe tsono yekurapa.Sezvakakurukurwa zvakadzama muchikamu cheHospital Needle, iyi compact mudziyo wakanyanya kubva pane zvakanakira 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 fiber optic probes, iyo, nekuda kwehunhu hwayo, yakakodzera kuiswa mune standard 20. tsono dzekurapa, 22 lumens.Tichishandisa kuchinjika kunopihwa neLab-on-Fiber (LOF) 23 tekinoroji, faibha iri kunyatsoita yakasarudzika chikuva cheminiaturized uye yakagadzirira-kushandisa yekuongorora uye yekurapa zvishandiso, zvinosanganisira fluid biopsy uye tishu biopsy zvishandiso.mukuonekwa kwebiomolecular24,25, chiedza-inotungamirirwa nemishonga yemunharaunda26,27, high-precision local ultrasound imaging28, thermal therapy29,30 uye spectroscopy-based cancer tissue identification31.Mukati meiyi pfungwa, tichishandisa nzira yenzvimbo yakavakirwa pane "tsono muchipatara" mudziyo, isu tinoongorora mukana wekugadzirisa kurudziro yenzvimbo yekugara kwezvipenyu zvipenyu nekushandisa kuparadzira masaisai e ultrasound kuburikidza netsono kufadza masaisai e ultrasound mukati menharaunda inofarira..Saka, low-intensity therapeutic ultrasound inogona kushandiswa zvakananga kunzvimbo ine ngozi ine zvishoma zvisingapindi kune sonicating masero uye madiki madiki maumbirwo akasimba mune zvinyoro zvinyoro, sepanyaya yekuvhiyiwa kwambotaurwa kwemukati memusoro, buri diki mudehenya rinofanira kuiswa ne tsono.Kufemerwa neazvino dzidziso uye yekuedza mhinduro inoratidza kuti Ultrasound inogona kumisa kana kunonoka kukura kwemamwe magomarara,32,33,34 nzira yakarongwa inogona kubatsira kugadzirisa, zvirinani mumusimboti, kutengeserana kwakakosha pakati pehasha nemhedzisiro yekurapa.Tichifunga izvi, mubepa razvino, isu tinoongorora mukana wekushandisa muchipatara tsono mudziyo weishoma invasive ultrasound kurapwa kwegomarara.Zvakanyanya, muKuparadzira Ongororo yeSpherical Tumor Masses yeKufungidzira Kukura-Kunotsamira Ultrasound Frequency chikamu, tinoshandisa dzakanyatsogadziriswa nzira dze elastodynamic uye acoustic scattering theory kufanotaura ukuru hwekutenderera kwakasimba mapundu akakura mune elastic medium.kuoma kunoitika pakati pebundu uye matishu anotambira nekuda kwekukura-kukonzeresa kugadziridzwa kwezvinhu.Tatsanangura hurongwa hwedu, hwatinodaidza kuti "Hospital in the Tsono" chikamu, muchikamu che "Hospital in the Tsono", tinoongorora kupararira kwemafungu e ultrasonic kuburikidza netsono dzekurapa pane zvakafanotaurwa uye nhamba yavo yenhamba inovhenekera nharaunda yekudzidza. iyo huru geometric parameters (chaiyo yemukati dhayamita, kureba uye kupinza kwetsono), inokanganisa kutapurirana kweacoustic simba rechiridzwa.Tichifunga nezvekudikanwa kwekugadzira nzira nyowani dzeinjiniya dzemushonga chaiwo, zvinotendwa kuti chidzidzo chakarongwa chinogona kubatsira kugadzira chishandiso chitsva chekurapa cancer zvichibva pakushandiswa kweiyo ultrasound inounzwa kuburikidza neyakasanganiswa theragnostic platform inobatanidza ultrasound nedzimwe mhinduro.Yakasanganiswa, senge yakanangwa zvinodhaka kuendesa uye chaiyo-nguva diagnostics mukati metsono imwe.
Kubudirira kwekupa ma mechanistic maitiro ekurapwa kweanogara akasimba mabundu uchishandisa ultrasonic (ultrasound) kukurudzira chave chiri chinangwa chemapepa akati wandei anobata zvese ne theoretically uye kuyedza nemhedzisiro yeyakaderera-intensity ultrasonic vibrations pane imwechete-sero system 10, 11, 12 . , 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 Vachishandisa modhi ye-viscoelastic, vaongorori vakati wandei vakaratidza nekuongorora kuti bundu uye maseru ane hutano anoratidza mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoratidzwa nepamusoro-soro muUS 10,11,12.Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti, mumusimboti, masero ebundu anogona kurwiswa nesarudzo nemakanika anosimudzira anochengetedza nharaunda yevaenzi.Maitiro aya ndiwo mhedzisiro yakananga yehumbowo hwakakosha hwekuti, kazhinji, masero ebundu anogona kuumbika kupfuura maseru ane hutano, pamwe nekusimudzira kugona kwavo kuwanda uye kutama37,38,39,40.Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yakawanikwa nemhando imwe chete yesero, semuenzaniso padiki, kusarudzwa kwemaseru egomarara kwakaratidzwawo pamesoscale kuburikidza nenhamba dzezvidzidzo zveharmonic mhinduro dzeheterogeneous cell aggregates.Kupa chikamu chakasiyana chemaseru ekenza uye maseru ane hutano, ma multicellular aggregates mazana ema micrometer muhukuru akavakwa hierarchically.Pamesolevel yeaya aggregates, mamwe ma microscopic maficha ekufarira anochengetedzwa nekuda kwekuita kwakananga kweiyo mikuru yezvimiro zvinhu zvinoratidzira maitiro emakanika emaseru mamwechete.Kunyanya, sero rega rega rinoshandisa tensegrity-based architecture kutevedzera mhinduro yeakasiyana prestressed cytoskeletal zvimiro, zvichikanganisa kuoma kwavo kwese12,13.Mafungiro ekufungidzira uye in vitro kuyedza kwezvinyorwa zviri pamusoro apa zvakapa mhedzisiro inokurudzira, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekudzidza kunzwisiswa kwemabundu akawanda kune yakaderera-intensity therapeutic ultrasound (LITUS), uye kuongororwa kweiyo frequency yekuvhenekesa kwebundu masasi kwakakosha.chinzvimbo LITUS kune-saiti application.
Nekudaro, padanho rematishu, iyo submacroscopic tsananguro yechikamu chega inorasika, uye zvimiro zvebundu tishu zvinogona kutsvakwa uchishandisa nzira dzakatevedzana dzekutevera kukura kwehuwandu uye kushushikana-induced remodeling maitiro, tichifunga nezve macroscopic mhedzisiro. kukura.-induced changes in tissue elasticity pachiyero che 41.42.Chokwadi, kusiyana neunicellular uye aggregate masisitimu, mabundu akasimba anokura mumatishu akapfava nekuda kwekuunganidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kweaberrant residual stress, izvo zvinoshandura masikirwo emuchina nekuda kwekuwedzera kweiyo intratumoral rigidity, uye bundu sclerosis inowanzova chinhu chinotaridza mukati. kuona bundu.
Tichifunga izvi mupfungwa, pano tinoongorora mhinduro ye sonodynamic ye tumor spheroids yakateedzerwa se elastic spherical inclusions inokura munzvimbo yakajairika.Kunyanya, iyo elastic zvimiro zvine chekuita nedanho rebundu zvakatemerwa zvichibva pane dzidziso uye yekuedza mhedzisiro yakawanikwa nevamwe vanyori mubasa rakapfuura.Pakati pazvo, kushanduka kweakasimba tumor spheroids inokura mu vivo mune heterogeneous media yakadzidzwa nekushandisa isiri-mutsara mechanical modhi 41,43,44 pamwe chete ne interspecies dynamics kufanotaura kukura kwebundu guru uye inobatanidzwa intratumoral stress.Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, kukura (semuenzaniso, inelastic prestretching) uye kusara kunetseka kunokonzera kufambira mberi kugadziridzwa kwezvinhu zvebundu zvinhu, nekudaro zvakare kuchinja maitiro ayo ekunzwika.Zvakakosha kuziva kuti muref.41 mubatanidzwa wekukura uye kushushikana kwakasimba mumamota kwakaratidzwa mukuyedza mishandirapamwe mumhando dzemhuka.Kunyanya, kuenzanisa kwekuoma kwebundu rezamu rezamu rakagadziridzwa pamatanho akasiyana nekuomarara kunowanikwa nekuburitsa mamiriro akafanana musilico pane spherical finite element modhi ine zviyero zvakafanana uye tichifunga nezve yakafanotaurwa yakasara yekushushikana munda yakasimbisa iyo yakarongwa nzira ye. chokwadi chemuenzaniso..Mubasa iri, zvakambowanikwa dzidziso uye yekuedza mhedzisiro inoshandiswa kugadzira nzira nyowani yakagadziridzwa yekurapa.Kunyanya, saizi dzakafanotaurwa dzine inoenderana evolutionary kuramba zvivakwa zvakaverengerwa pano, izvo zvakashandiswa kufungidzira mafrequency siyana ayo mabundu akamisikidzwa munzvimbo yekutambira anonyanya kunzwa.Kuti izvi zviitike, isu takaongorora maitiro ane simba ebundu rematanho akasiyana, akatorwa pamatanho akasiyana, tichifunga nezve acoustic zviratidzo zvinoenderana neinogamuchirwa tsika yekupararira mukupindura kune ultrasonic kukurudzira uye kuratidza zvinogona kuitika zvinonzwika zve spheroid. .zvichienderana nebundu uye muenzi Kukura-kunotsamira misiyano mukuomarara pakati pematishu.
Nekudaro, mabundu mabundu akateedzerwa se elastic spheres eradius \ (a\) munzvimbo yakatenderedza elastic yemugamuchiri zvichibva pane yekuedza data inoratidza kukura kwakakura kwakashata zvimiro zvinokura mu situ mune spherical zvimiro.Kureva Mufananidzo 1, uchishandisa spherical coordinates \(\{r,\theta,\varphi \}\) (apo \(\theta\) uye \(\varphi\) inomiririra anomaly angle uye azimuth angle zvichiteerana), iyo tumor domain inobata Nharaunda yakadzikwa munzvimbo ine hutano \({\ mathcal {V}}_{T}=\{ (r,\theta ,\varphi ):r\le a\}\) nzvimbo isina muganhu \({\ mathcal { V} }_{H} = \{(r,\theta,\varphi):r > a\}\).Tichitaura kune Supplementary Information (SI) yetsanangudzo yakakwana yemuenzaniso wemasvomhu inobva pane yakanyatsogadziriswa elastodynamic nheyo yakashumwa mumabhuku akawanda45,46,47,48, tinofunga pano dambudziko rinoratidzwa neaxisymmetric oscillation mode.Kufungidzira uku kunoreva kuti zvese zvinoshanduka mukati mebundu uye nzvimbo dzine hutano zvakasununguka pane azimuthal coordinate \ (\ varphi \) uye kuti hapana kukanganisa kunoitika munzira iyi.Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzvimbo dzekutamisa uye dzekushushikana dzinogona kuwanikwa kubva kune maviri scalar zvinogoneka \ (\ phi = \ hat{\ phi} \ kuruboshwe ( {r, \ theta} \ kurudyi) e^ {{ - i \ omega {\ kern 1pt } t }}\) uye \(\chi = \hat{\chi }\left( {r,\theta } \kurudyi)e^{{ – i\omega {\ kern 1pt} t }}\) , vari zvakateerana zvine hukama nehurefu hwemafungu uye shear wave, nguva yekusangana t pakati pekuvhiya \ (\ theta \) uye kona iri pakati pekutungamira kwechiitiko wave uye chinzvimbo vector \({\ mathbf {x))\) ( sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1) uye \(\ omega = 2\pi f\) inomiririra maitikiro emakona.Kunyanya, nzvimbo yechiitiko inofananidzwa nemhepo yemhepo \ (\ phi_{H} ^ {(mu)}\) (zvakare yakaunzwa muSI system, in equation (A.9)) inopararira muhuwandu hwemuviri. maererano nomurayiro
apo \(\phi_{0}\) ndiyo amplitude parameter.Kuwedzera kwedenderedzwa kwechiitiko yendege wave (1) uchishandisa spherical wave function ndiyo yakajairwa nharo:
Iko \(j_{n}\) kune spherical Bessel function yemhando yekutanga yehurongwa \(n\), uye \(P_{n}\) ndiyo Legendre polynomial.Chikamu chechiitiko chechiitiko chechikamu chekudyara chakapararira munzvimbo yakatenderedza uye chinoputira nzvimbo yechiitiko, nepo chimwe chikamu chakapararira mukati mechikamu, zvichikonzera kuzunguzika kwayo.Kuti uite izvi, mhinduro dze harmonic dzewave equation \(\nabla^{2} \hat{\phi } + k_{1}^{2} {\ mkern 1mu} \hat{\phi } = 0\,\ ) uye \ (\ nabla^{2} {\ mkern 1mu} \hat{\chi } + k_{2}^{2} \hat{\chi } = 0\), zvakapihwa semuenzaniso naEringen45 (onawo SI ) inogona kuratidza bundu uye nzvimbo dzine hutano.Kunyanya, masaisai ekuwedzera akapararira uye masaisai e-isovolumic anogadzirwa munharaunda yekutambira \(H\) vanobvuma masimba avo akasiyana:
Pakati pavo, denderedzwa reHankel basa rekutanga \(h_{n}^{(1)}\) rinoshandiswa kufunga nezvekubuda kwakapararira wave, uye \(\alpha_{n}\) uye \(\beta_{ n}\ ) ndiwo macoefficients asingazivikanwe.mu equation.Muequations (2)–(4), mazwi \(k_{H1}\) uye \(k_{H2}\) anoratidza nhamba dzemasaisai ekusagadzikana uye mafungu anochinjika munzvimbo huru yemuviri, zvichiteerana ( ona SI).Minda yekumanikidza mukati mebundu uye mashifiti ane fomu
Ipo \(k_{T1}\) uye \(k_{T2}\) inomiririra nhamba dzemasaisai enguva refu neyakachinjika munharaunda yebundu, uye macoefficients asingazivikanwe anoti \(\gamma_{n} {\mkern 1mu}\) , \(\ eta_{n} {\mkern 1mu}\).Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro iyi, isiri-zero radial uye circumferential displacement zvikamu hunhu hwenzvimbo dzine hutano mudambudziko riri kutariswa, senge \(u_{Hr}\) uye \(u_{H\theta}\) (\(u_{ H\ varphi }\ ) iyo symmetry fungidziro haichadiwi) - inogona kuwanikwa kubva kuhukama \(u_{Hr} = \partial_{r} \left({\phi + \partial_{r}) (r\chi) } \kurudyi) + k_}^{2} {\mkern 1mu} r\chi\) uye \(u_{H\theta} = r^{- 1} \chikamu_{\theta} \ruboshwe({\phi + \chikamu_{r } ( r\chi ) } \kurudyi)\) nekugadzira \(\phi = \phi_{H}^{(mu)} + \phi_{H}^{(s)}\) uye \ (\ chi = \chi_ {H}^ {(s)}\) (ona SI kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama rwemasvomhu).Saizvozvo, kutsiva \(\phi = \phi_{T}^{(s)}\) uye \(\chi = \chi_{T}^{(s)}\) inodzosa {Tr} = \partial_{r} \kuruboshwe( {\phi + \partial_{r} (r\chi)} \kurudyi) + k_{T2}^{2} {\mkern 1mu} r\chi\) uye \(u_{T\theta} = r^{-1}\chidimbu _{\theta }\kuruboshwe({\phi +\partial_{r}(r\chi )}\kurudyi)\).
(Kuruboshwe) Geometry yebundu rakaita spherical rinokura munzvimbo ine hutano iyo ndima yechiitiko inopararira, (kurudyi) inofambirana nekushanduka kwebundu-host kuomarara reshiyo sekushanda kwebundu radius, yakashumwa data (yakatorwa kubva kuCarotenuto et al. 41) kubva mu compression test vitro yakawanikwa kubva kune akasimba mazamu emamota akaiswa neMDA-MB-231 masero.
Tichifungidzira mutsara elastic uye isotropic zvinhu, izvo zvisiri-zero zvinoshungurudza zvikamu munzvimbo dzine hutano uye bundu, kureva \(\ sigma_{Hpq}\) uye \(\ sigma_{Tpq}\) - teerera mutemo wakajairika waHooke, wakapihwa kuti ipapo akasiyana Lamé moduli , ayo anoratidza mugadziri uye elasticity yebundu, inoratidzwa se \(\{ \mu_{H},\,\lambda_{H} \}\) uye \(\{ \mu_{T},\, \lambda_ {T} \ }\) (ona Equation (A.11) yekutaura kwakazara kwezvikamu zvekushungurudzika zvinomiririrwa muSI).Kunyanya, maererano nedata iri mureferensi 41 uye yakaratidzwa muFigure 1, kukura kwemamota kwakaratidza shanduko yematishu elasticity constants.Saka, kutama uye kushushikana munzvimbo dzinogamuchira uye bundu dzakatemerwa zvachose kusvika kune seti yezvisingazivikanwe zvinogara \ ({{\varvec{\upxi}}}_{n} = \{ \alpha_{n} ,{\ mkern 1mu } \ beta_{ n} {\ mkern 1mu} \gamma_{n} ,\eta_{n} \}\ ) ine zvimiro zvisina magumo.Kuti uwane aya ma-coefficient vectors, akakodzera maficha uye mamiriro emuganho pakati pebundu nenzvimbo dzine hutano zvinounzwa.Tichifunga kusungirira kwakaringana pa tumor-host interface \(r = a\), kuenderera kwekutama uye kushushikana kunoda zvinotevera mamiriro:
Sisitimu (7) inoumba hurongwa hwemaequation nemhinduro dzisingaperi.Mukuwedzera, imwe neimwe mamiriro emuganhu achaenderana neanomaly \ (\ theta \).Kudzikisa dambudziko rekukosha kwemuganhu kune dambudziko rakakwana realgebraic ne \(N\) seti yeakavharwa masisitimu, imwe neimwe iri mune isingazivikanwe \({{\varvec{\upxi}}}_{n} = \{\alpha_ {n},{ \mkern 1mu} \beta_{n} {\mkern 1mu} \gamma_{n}, \eta_{n} \}_{n = 0,…,N}\) (pamwe \ ( N \ ku \ infty \), ne theoretically), uye kubvisa kutsamira kwe equation pamatemu etrigonometric, mamiriro ekutarisa anonyorwa nenzira isina kusimba pachishandiswa orthogonality yeLegendre polynomials.Kunyanya, equation (7)1,2 ne(7)3,4 inopetwa ne \(P_{n} \left({\cos \theta} \kurudyi)\) uye \(P_{n}^{ 1} \kuruboshwe( {\cos\theta}\kurudyi)\) wozobatanidza pakati pe\(0\) ne\(\pi\) uchishandisa masvomhu:
Nokudaro, chimiro chechimiro (7) chinodzorera quadratic algebraic equation system, iyo inogona kuratidzwa mufomu yematrix se \({\ mathbb{D}}_{n} (a) \cdot {{\varvec{\upxi}} } _{ n} = {\ mathbf{q}}_{n} (a)\) uye uwane zvisingazivikanwe \({{\varvec{\upxi}}}_{n}\ ) nekugadzirisa mutemo waCramer.
Kufungidzira simba Flux akaparadzirwa sphere uye kuwana ruzivo pamusoro ayo acoustic mhinduro kunobva mashoko pamusoro wakapararira munda propagating ari host medium, ane acoustic uwandu kufarira, inova normalized bistatic kuparadzira muchinjikwa chikamu.Kunyanya, chikamu chekuparadzira, chinoratidzwa \ (s), chinoratidza chiyero pakati pesimba reacoustic rinofambiswa neiyo yakapararira chiratidzo uye kupatsanurwa kwesimba rinotakurwa nechiitiko wave.Panyaya iyi, ukuru hwechimiro chekushanda \(\ kuruboshwe| {F_{\ infty} \kuruboshwe(\theta \kurudyi)} \kurudyi|^{2}\) huwandu hunoshandiswa kazhinji mukudzidza kweacoustic mechanisms. akaiswa mumvura kana kuti yakasimba Kuparadzira zvinhu muvhu.Kunyanya, iyo amplitude yechimiro chekushanda inotsanangurwa seyaniso yekuparadzira muchinjikwa chikamu \ (ds \) pane imwe unit nzvimbo, iyo inosiyana neyakajairwa kune kutungamira kwekupararira kwechiitiko wave:
apo \(f_{n}^{pp}\) uye \(f_{n}^{ps}\) inoreva modal function, iyo inoreva chiyero chemasimba erengitudinal wave uye yakapararira wave maererano ne chiitiko P-wave mune yekugamuchira svikiro, zvichiteerana, inopihwa neanotevera mataurirwo:
Partial wave functionality (10) inogona kudzidzwa yakazvimiririra maererano neiyo resonant scattering theory (RST) 49,50,51,52, iyo inoita kuti zvikwanise kuparadzanisa chinangwa che elasticity kubva kumunda wese wakarasika paunenge uchidzidza nzira dzakasiyana.Zvinoenderana nenzira iyi, iyo modal form function inogona kupatsanurwa kuita chidimbu chezvikamu zviviri zvakaenzana, zvinoti \(f_{n} = f_{n}^{(res)} + f_{n}^{(b)}\ ) ane hukama kune resonant uye nonresonant kumashure amplitudes, zvichiteerana.Chimiro chekushanda kweiyo resonant mode inobatana nemhinduro yechinangwa, nepo kumashure kunowanzoenderana nechimiro cheanoparadzira.Kuti uone chimiro chekutanga chechinangwa cheimwe modhi, iyo amplitude ye modal resonance shape function \(\ left| {f_{n}^{(res)} \left(\theta \kurudyi)} \kurudyi|\) inoverengerwa ichitora kumashure kwakaoma, kunosanganisira mativi asingapindiki mune elastic host material.Iyi fungidziro inokurudzirwa nenyaya yekuti, kazhinji, kuomarara uye kuwanda kunowedzera nekukura kwebundu rakakura nekuda kwekusarira kudzvinyirira kushushikana.Saka, pamwero wakakomba wekukura, iyo impedance reshiyo \(\rho_{T} c_{1T} /\rho_{H} c_{1H}\) inotarisirwa kuva yakakura kupfuura 1 kune akawanda macroscopic akasimba mabundu ari kukura akapfava. tishu.Somuenzaniso, Krouskop et al.53 yakashuma chiyero chegomarara kune yakajairwa modulus ingangoita 4 yeprostate tishu, nepo kukosha uku kwakawedzera kusvika makumi maviri kumazamu emasampu.Hukama uhwu hunosandura acoustic impedance yetishu, sezvakaratidzwawo neelastography analysis54,55,56, uye inogona kunge ine hukama nekukora kwematishu kunokonzerwa nebundu hyperproliferation.Musiyano uyu wakaonekwawo uchiyedzwa nemiedzo yakapfava yemazamu bundu mabhuroko akakura pamatanho akasiyana32, uye gadziridzo yechinhu ichi inogona kuteverwa nemazvo nemamodheru emuchinjika-mhando dzemamota asingakure mutsara43,44.Iyo data yekuomarara yakawanikwa yakanangana nekushanduka kweMudiki modulus yemamota akasimba zvinoenderana neformula \(E_{T} = S\left({1 - \nu ^{2}} \kurudyi)/a\sqrt\ varepsilon\ )( mativi ane radius \(a\), kuomarara \(S\) uye reshiyo yePoisson \(\nu\) pakati pemapuleti maviri akaomarara 57, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 1).Nekudaro, zvinokwanisika kuwana acoustic impedance kuyerwa kwebundu uye muenzi pamazinga akasiyana ekukura.Kunyanya, mukuenzanisa nemodulus yezvinyama zvakajairika zvakaenzana ne2 kPa muFig. zvinoenderana nedata rakataurwa.mune mareferensi 58, 59 zvakaonekwa kuti kudzvanywa mumazamu ematishu samples ndeye 0.25–4 kPa ine kupera kweprecompression.Uyezve fungidzira kuti chiyero chePoisson chetishu inenge isingagadziki ndeye 41.60, zvinoreva kuti kuwanda kwemuviri hakushanduki zvakanyanya sezvo vhoriyamu inowedzera.Kunyanya, avhareji yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu \(\rho = 945\,{\text{kg}}\,{\text{m}}^{ - 3}\)61 inoshandiswa.Nekufunga uku, kuomarara kunogona kutora kumashure modhi uchishandisa chirevo chinotevera:
Iko kusingazivikanwe nguva dzose \(\widehat{{{\varvec{\upxi))))_{n} = \{\delta_{n} ,\upsilon_{n} \}\) inogona kuverengerwa uchifunga kuenderera mberi bias ( 7 )2,4, kureva, nekugadzirisa algebraic system \(\widehat{{\mathbb{D}}}_{n} (a) \cdot \widehat{({\varvec{\upxi}} } } _{n } = \widehat{{\mathbf{q}}}_{n} (a)\) inosanganisira vadiki\(\widehat{{\mathbb{D}}}_{n} (a) = \ {{\ mathbb{D}}_{n} (a)\}_{{\{ (1,3),(1,3)\} }}\) uye inowirirana yakareruka vheta yekoramu\(\widehat {{\ mathbf {q}}}_{n} (а)\) Inopa ruzivo rwekutanga mukuenzanisa (11), maamplitudes maviri e-backscattering resonant mode function \(\ left| {f_{n}^{{ \kuruboshwe( {res} \kurudyi)\,pp}} \kuruboshwe( \theta \kurudyi)} \kurudyi| = \kuruboshwe|{f_{n}^{pp} \kuruboshwe( \theta \kurudyi) - f_{ n}^{pp(b)} \kuruboshwe( \theta \kurudyi)} \kurudyi|\) uye \( \kuruboshwe|{f_{n}^{{\ kuruboshwe( {res} \kurudyi)\,ps} } \kuruboshwe( \theta \kurudyi)} \kurudyi|= \kuruboshwe|{f_{n}^{ps} \kuruboshwe( \theta \kurudyi) - f_{n}^{ps(b)} \kuruboshwe( \ theta \kurudyi)} \kurudyi|\) inoreva P-wave excitation uye P- uye S-wave kuratidza, zvichiteerana.Kupfuurirazve, iyo yekutanga amplitude yakafungidzirwa se \(\theta = \pi\), uye yechipiri amplitude yakafungidzirwa se \(\theta = \pi/4\).Nekurodha zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira zvinhu.Figure 2 inoratidza kuti resonant features of bundu spheroids anosvika 15 mm dhayamita anonyanya kunyura mufrequency bhendi ye50-400 kHz, izvo zvinoratidza mukana wekushandisa low-frequency ultrasound kukonzera resonant bundu excitation.masero.Zvizhinji.Muchikwata ichi chefrequency, kuongorora kweRST kwakaratidza maitiro e-single-mode yemodhi 1 kusvika ku6, yakasimbiswa muMufananidzo 3. Pano, zvose pp- uye ps-yakapararira mafungu anoratidza maumbirwo emhando yekutanga, anoitika panguva yakaderera zvikuru, iyo inowedzera kubva. inenge 20 kHz yemodhi 1 kusvika pa60 kHz ye n = 6, ichiratidza kusakosha kwakasiyana mumativi eradius.Iro resonant basa ps rinobva raora, nepo kusanganiswa kweakakura amplitude pp mafomati anopa periodicity inosvika makumi matanhatu kHz, ichiratidza yakakwira frequency shift nekuwedzera modhi nhamba.Ongororo dzese dzakaitwa pachishandiswa Mathematica®62 computing software.
Iyo backscatter fomu mabasa akawanikwa kubva kumodule yemazamu emazamu ehukuru hwakasiyana anoratidzwa muFig. 1, apo mabhendi epamusoro ekuparadzira anosimbiswa achifunga nezve superposition mode.
Resonances yemamodhi akasarudzwa kubva \(n = 1\) kusvika \(n = 6\), akaverengerwa pakunakidzwa uye kuratidzwa kweP-wave pamhando dzakasiyana dzebundu (ma curves matema kubva \(\ kuruboshwe | {f_{n} ^ {{\ kuruboshwe( {res} \kurudyi)\,pp}} \kuruboshwe( \pi \kurudyi)} \kuruboshwe| {f_{n}^{pp} \kuruboshwe ( \pi \ kurudyi) -. f_{n }^{pp(b)} \kuruboshwe(\pi \kurudyi)} \kurudyi|\)) uye P-wave excitation uye S-wave reflection (grey curves inopiwa ne modal shape function \( \kuruboshwe | { f_{n }^{{\ kuruboshwe( {res} \kurudyi)\,ps}} \kuruboshwe( {\pi /4} \kurudyi)} \kurudyi = \kuruboshwe|. \kuruboshwe( {\pi /4} \kurudyi) - f_{n}^{ps(b)} \kuruboshwe( {\pi /4} \kurudyi)} \kurudyi |\)).
Mhedzisiro yeiyi ongororo yekutanga uchishandisa kure-munda kupararira mamiriro anogona kutungamira kusarudzwa kwekutyaira-chaiyo dhiraivha ma frequency mune anotevera manhamba simulations yekudzidza mhedzisiro yemicrovibration kusagadzikana pahuwandu.Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti iyo calibration yeakanyanya mafrequency inogona kuve yakanangana nenhanho panguva yekukura kwebundu uye inogona kutariswa uchishandisa mhedzisiro yemamodhi ekukura kumisikidza nzira dzebiomechanical dzinoshandiswa mukurapa kwechirwere kufanotaura nemazvo kugadziridzwa kwetishu.
Kufambira mberi kwakakosha mune nanotechnology kuri kutyaira nharaunda yesainzi kutsvaga mhinduro nyowani uye nzira dzekugadzira zvidiki uye zvishoma zvinopinda zvekushandisa zvekurapa zvemu vivo application.Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, tekinoroji yeLOF yakaratidza kugona kunoshamisa kwekuwedzera kugona kwemafiber optical, zvichiita kuti kuvandudzwa kwemidziyo mitsva isingasviki fiber optic yehupenyu hwesainzi application21, 63, 64, 65. Pfungwa yekubatanidza 2D uye 3D zvinhu. ine makemikari anodiwa, biological, uye optical properties pamativi 25 uye / kana inopera 64 ye optical fibers ine full spatial control pa nanoscale inotungamirira pakubuda kwekirasi itsva ye fiber optic nanooptodes.ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekuongorora uye kurapa mabasa.Sezvineiwo, nekuda kweiyo geometric uye mechanical zvimiro (diki muchinjikwa chikamu, hombe aspect ratio, kuchinjika, kuderera uremu) uye biocompatibility yezvinhu (kazhinji girazi kana mapolima), optical fibers akanyatsokodzera kuiswa mune tsono uye catheter.Zvikumbiro zvekurapa20, kugadzira nzira yechiratidzo chitsva che "chipatara chetsono" (ona Mufananidzo 4).
Muchokwadi, nekuda kwemadhigirii erusununguko anopihwa neLOF tekinoroji, nekushandisa kubatanidzwa kwemicro- uye nanostructures yakagadzirwa kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana esimbi uye / kana dielectric zvinhu, optical fibers inogona kunyatso shanda kune chaiwo maapplication anowanzo tsigira resonant mode excitation., Munda wechiedza 21 wakaiswa zvakasimba.Kuchengetedzwa kwechiedza pachiyero che subwavelength, kazhinji pamwe chete nekemikari uye/kana biological processing63 uye kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvinonzwisisika zvakadai se smart polymers65,66 zvinogona kuwedzera kutonga pamusoro pekubatana kwechiedza uye nyaya, iyo inogona kubatsira kune zvinangwa zvekurapa.Sarudzo yerudzi uye saizi yezvinhu zvakabatanidzwa / zvinhu zviri pachena zvinoenderana nemuviri, zvipenyu kana kemikari paramita kuti ionekwe21,63.
Kubatanidzwa kweLOF probes mumatsono ekurapa anonangidzirwa kune chaiwo saiti mumuviri inogonesa yemuno mvura uye tishu biopsies mu vivo, zvichibvumira panguva imwe chete kurapwa kwenzvimbo, kuderedza mhedzisiro uye kuwedzera kushanda.Mikana inogoneka inosanganisira kuwanikwa kweakasiyana anotenderera biomolecules, kusanganisira cancer.biomarkers kana microRNAs (miRNAs) 67, kuzivikanwa kwenyama yegomarara uchishandisa mutsara uye isiri-mutsara spectroscopy yakadai seRaman spectroscopy (SERS) 31, yakakwirira-resolution photoacoustic imaging22,28,68, laser kuvhiyiwa uye ablation69, uye yemuno kuendesa mishonga uchishandisa light27 uye otomatiki kutungamira kwetsono mumuviri wemunhu20.Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kunyangwe kushandiswa kweoptical fibers kunodzivirira izvo zvakajairwa zvisiri izvo zve "classical" nzira dzinobva pane zvemagetsi zvikamu, sekuda kwekubatanidza magetsi uye kuvapo kwekukanganisa kwemagetsi, izvi zvinobvumira akasiyana LOF sensors kuti inyatso kubatanidzwa mune system.tsono imwe chete yekurapa.Kunyanya kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kudzikisa zvinokuvadza zvakaita sekusvibiswa, kupindira kwemaziso, zvivhariso zvemuviri zvinokonzeresa mhedzisiro pakati pemabasa akasiyana.Nekudaro, ichokwadi zvakare kuti mazhinji emabasa ataurwa haafanire kunge ari anoshanda panguva imwe chete.Ichi chikamu chinoita kuti zvikwanise kuderedza kupindira, nekudaro kudzikamisa kukanganisa kwakashata pakuita kweprobe yega yega uye kurongeka kwemaitiro.Izvi zvinotibvumira kuona pfungwa ye "tsono muchipatara" sechiono chakareruka chekuisa hwaro hwakasimba hwechizvarwa chinotevera chetsono dzekurapa musayenzi yehupenyu.
Nezve mashandisirwo akataurwa mubepa rino, muchikamu chinotevera tichaongorora nenhamba kugona kwetsono yekurapa kutungamira masaisai e ultrasonic mumatishu emunhu tichishandisa kupararira kwayo pamwe neaxis yayo.
Kuparadzirwa kwemafungu e ultrasonic kuburikidza netsono yezvokurapa yakazadzwa nemvura uye inopinzwa mumitsetse yakapfava (ona dhayagiramu muFig. 5a) yakaenzanisirwa pachishandiswa Comsol Multiphysics software yekutengeserana yakavakirwa painogumira element element (FEM)70, uko tsono nematishu zvinofananidzwa. semutsara elastic nharaunda.
Tichireva Mufananidzo 5b, tsono inofananidzwa sehumburumbira ine gomba (inozivikanwawo se "cannula") yakagadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina, yakajairwa zvinhu zvekurapa tsono71.Kunyanya, yakaumbwa neYoung's modulus E = 205 GPa, chiyero chePoisson ν = 0.28, uye density ρ = 7850 kg m −372.73.Geometrically, tsono inoratidzirwa nehurefu L, mukati dhayamita D (inonziwo "clearance") uye rusvingo t.Pamusoro pezvo, muromo wetsono unoonekwa sewakarerekera pakona α maererano neruremekedzo rwekureba (z).Uwandu hwemvura hunoenderana nechimiro chemukati nharaunda yetsono.Mukuongorora uku kwekutanga, tsono yaifungidzirwa kuti yakanyudzwa zvachose munharaunda yetishu (inofungidzirwa kuti iwedzere nekusingaperi), yakafananidzirwa sendima ye radius rs, iyo yakaramba iine 85 mm panguva yose yekufananidza.Mune mamwe mashoko, tinopedzisa spherical nharaunda neine yakanyatsofananidzwa layer (PML), iyo inoderedza zvishoma zvisingadiwi mafungu anoratidzwa kubva kumiganhu "yekufungidzira".Isu takazosarudza radius rs kuitira kuti tiise denderedzwa remuganho kure zvakakwana kubva pane tsono kuti isakanganise iyo computational mhinduro, uye diki zvakakwana kuti isakanganise mutengo wekombuta wekufananidza.
A harmonic longitudinal shift of frequency f uye amplitude A inoshandiswa kumuganhu wezasi we stylus geometry;mamiriro ezvinhu aya anomiririra kukurudzira kwekuisa kunoshandiswa kune inofananidzwa geometry.Pamiganho yasara yetsono (pakusangana nematishu nemvura), modhi inogamuchirwa inoonekwa sekubatanidza hukama pakati pezviitiko zviviri zvemuviri, chimwe chazvo chine hukama nemagadzirirwo mechanics (yenzvimbo yetsono), uye imwe yacho kune structural mechanics.(yeiyo acicular region), saka mamiriro anoenderana anoiswa pane acoustics (yemvura uye acicular region)74.Kunyanya, kudengenyeka kudiki kwakaiswa kuchigaro chetsono kunokonzera kuvhiringika kwemagetsi madiki;saka, tichifunga kuti tsono inoita senge elastic medium, iyo displacement vector U inogona kufungidzirwa kubva kune elastodynamic equilibrium equation (Navier)75.Mamiriro ekutenderera kwetsono anokonzera shanduko mukumanikidzwa kwemvura mukati mayo (inofungidzirwa kuti yakamira mumuenzaniso wedu), sechikonzero chekuti masaisai eruzha anopararira munzira yekureba yetsono, achiteerera Helmholtz equation76.Pakupedzisira, tichifunga kuti zvisizvo zvisingatarisirwi mumisungo hazvikoshi uye kuti amplitude yemafungu eshear iduku zvikuru kudarika amplitude yemafungu ekumanikidzika, Helmholtz equation inogonawo kushandiswa kuenzanisira kuparadzirwa kwemafungu emagetsi muzvinyorwa zvinyoro.Mushure mekufungidzira uku, mutsara unoonekwa semvura77 ine density ye1000 kg/m3 uye kumhanya kwekunzwika kwe1540 m/s (kuregeredza frequency-dependent damping effects).Kuti ubatanidze idzi minda miviri yemuviri, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuenderera kwekufamba kwakajairika pamuganho weiyo yakasimba uye yemvura, iyo static yakaenzana pakati pekumanikidza uye kushushikana kunoenderana nemuganho weiyo yakasimba, uye tangential kusagadzikana pamuganhu weiyo. mvura inofanira kuenzana ne zero.75 .
Mukuongorora kwedu, isu tinoongorora kupararira kwemafungu acoustic pamwe netsono pasi pemamiriro akamira, tichitarisa pane pesvedzero yejometri yetsono pakubuda kwemafungu mukati mematishu.Kunyanya, isu takaongorora pesvedzero yedhayamita yemukati yetsono D, kureba L uye bevel angle α, tichichengeta ukobvu t yakatarwa pa500 µm kune ese nyaya dzakadzidzwa.Kukosha uku kwet kuri padyo neyakajairwa madziro ukobvu 71 kune dzekutengesa tsono.
Pasina kurasikirwa kwehuwandu, iyo frequency f ye harmonic displacement yakashandiswa kunheyo yetsono yakatorwa yakaenzana ne100 kHz, uye amplitude A yaiva 1 μm.Kunyanya, iyo frequency yakaiswa ku100 kHz, inofambirana nefungidziro yekuongorora yakapihwa muchikamu "Kuparadzira ongororo yespherical tumor masses kufungidzira kukura-inotsamira ultrasound frequencies", uko hunhu hwakaita sebundu hwakawanikwa mukati. iyo frequency range ye50-400 kHz, ine yakakura yekuparadzira amplitude inonangana neakadzika mafrequency akapoteredza 100-200 kHz (ona Fig. 2).
Yekutanga parameter yakadzidzwa yaive yemukati dhayamita D yetsono.Kuti zvive nyore, inotsanangurwa sechikamu chechidimbu cheacoustic wave kureba mumhango yetsono (kureva, mumvura λW = 1.5 mm).Zvechokwadi, chiitiko chekupararira kwemafungu mumichina inoratidzirwa nejiometri yakapiwa (somuenzaniso, mune waveguide) inowanzoenderana nehukuru hwechimiro chejometri inoshandiswa mukuenzanisa nehurefu hwemafungu anopararira.Mukuwedzera, mukuongorora kwekutanga, kuitira kuti tisimbise zviri nani kuitika kwedhayamita D pakuparidzirwa kweacoustic wave kuburikidza netsono, takafunga nezvechidimbu chepamusoro, kuisa kona α = 90 °.Munguva yekuongorora uku, urefu hwetsono L hwakagadziriswa pa 70 mm.
Pamusoro pemuonde.6a inoratidza avhareji yekusimba kweruzha sebasa reiyo dimensionless scale parameter SD, kureva D = λW/SD yakaongororwa mudenderedzwa rine radius ye 10 mm yakanangana neinoenderana tsono tipi.Iyo yekuyera parameter SD inoshanduka kubva pa2 kuenda pa6, kureva isu tinofunga D kukosha kubva pa7.5 mm kusvika 2.5 mm (pa f = 100 kHz).Rudzi urwu runosanganisirawo kukosha kweiyo 71 yesimbi isina tsvina yekurapa tsono.Sezvinotarisirwa, dhayamita yemukati yetsono inokanganisa kusimba kwezwi rinobudiswa netsono, nehukuru hunokosha (1030 W / m2) hunoenderana neD = λW/3 (kureva D = 5 mm) uye kuderera kwemaitiro nekuderera. dhayamita.Izvo zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti dhayamita D ndeye geometric parameter iyo inokanganisawo kuvharika kwechigadzirwa chekurapa, saka ichi chakakosha chikamu hachigone kuregererwa pakusarudza iyo yakanyanya kukosha.Naizvozvo, kunyangwe kudzikira kweD kuchiitika nekuda kwekuderera kwekutapurirana kweacoustic intensity mumatissue, kune zvinotevera zvidzidzo, dhayamita D = λW/5, kureva D = 3 mm (inoenderana ne11G71 chiyero pa f = 100 kHz) , inoonekwa sechinhu chinonzwisisika pakati pekupindira kwechishandiso uye kutapurirana kwesimba rekurira (avhareji inosvika 450 W/m2).
Avhareji yekusimba kweruzha rwunoburitswa nemuromo wetsono (inofungidzirwa kuti flat), zvichienderana nedhayamita yemukati yetsono (a), kureba (b) uye bevel angle α (c).Hurefu mu (a, c) i 90 mm, uye dhayamita mu (b, c) i 3 mm.
Iyo inotevera parameter ichaongororwa ndeyekureba kwetsono L. Sekuenderana neyakapfuura chidzidzo chenyaya, isu tinofunga an oblique angle α = 90 ° uye kureba kunoyerwa sekuwanda kwewavelength mumvura, kureva kuti funga L = SL λW. .Dimensionless scale parameter SL inochinjwa kubva pa3 ne7, zvichibva zvaita kufungidzira kuwanda kweavhareji yeruzha rwunoburitswa nemuromo wetsono pakureba kubva pa4.5 kusvika 10.5 mm.Iri renji rinosanganisira zvakajairwa kukosha kune dzekutengesa tsono.Zvigumisiro zvinoratidzwa mufig.6b, zvichiratidza kuti kureba kwetsono, L, ine simba guru pakufambiswa kwesimba rekurira mumatishu.Kunyanya, iyo optimization yeiyi parameter yakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuvandudza kutapurirana nechero hurongwa hwehukuru.Muchokwadi, muhurefu hwakaongororwa, hurefu hwehurefu hunotora huwandu hwenzvimbo ye3116 W/m2 paSL = 4 (kureva, L = 60 mm), uye imwe inoenderana neSL = 6 (kureva, L = 90). mm).
Mushure mekuongorora pesvedzero yedhayamita uye kureba kwetsono pakupararira kweiyo ultrasound mucylindrical geometry, takatarisa pane pesvedzero yebevel angle pakufambiswa kwesimba rekurira mumatishu.Ivhareji yekusimba kwezwi rinobva kune fiber tip yakaongororwa sekushanda kwekona α, kuchinja kukosha kwayo kubva ku10 ° (inopinza tip) kusvika ku90 ° (flat tip).Muchiitiko ichi, radius ye sphere yekubatanidza yakakomberedza iyo inofungidzirwa muromo wetsono yaiva 20 mm, kuitira kuti kune zvose zvakakosha zve α, muromo wetsono wakabatanidzwa muhuwandu hwakaverengwa kubva paavhareji.
Sezvinoratidzwa mufig.6c, kana muromo wakarodzwa, kureva, apo α inoderera kubva pa90 °, simba rezwi rinoparadzirwa rinowedzera, rinosvika pamutengo wepamusoro we 1.5 × 105 W / m2, iyo inoenderana ne α = 50 °, kureva, 2. hurongwa hwehukuru hwepamusoro hunoenderana neflat state.Nekuwedzera kurodzwa kwetipi (kureva, pa α pazasi 50 °), kusimba kwekurira kunowanzo kuderera, kunosvika kutsika inofananidzwa netip yakatsetseka.Nekudaro, kunyangwe isu takafunga huwandu hwakasiyana hwemakona ebevel ekufananidza kwedu, zvakafanira kufunga kuti kurodza muromo kunodiwa kufambisa kuiswa kwetsono munyama.Muchokwadi, diki bevel angle (inenge 10 °) inogona kuderedza simba 78 rinodiwa kuti ripinde munyama.
Mukuwedzera kune kukosha kwesimba rezwi rinoparidzirwa mukati memutsara, bevel angle inokanganisawo hutungamiri hwekupararira kwemafungu, sezvinoratidzwa mumagirafu ekudzvinyirira kwenzwi rinoratidzwa muFig. 7a (ye flat tip) uye 3b (ye10 ° )beveled tip), parallel Kuenda kureba kunoongororwa mundege ye symmetry (yz, cf. Fig. 5).Pakunyanyisa kwezviviri izvi zvinotariswa, ruzha rwekumanikidza nhanho (inonzi 1 µPa) inonyanya kuiswa mukati megomba retsono (kureva mumvura) uye inopenya mukati menyama.Mune mamwe mashoko, munyaya yetip flat (Fig. 7a), kugoverwa kweyero yekumanikidza kwenzwi kwakanyatsoenderana nekuremekedza kurongeka, uye mafungu akamira anogona kusiyaniswa mumvura inozadza muviri.Save inotaridzwa kureba (z-axis), iyo amplitude inosvika pakukosha kwayo mumvura (inenge 240 dB) uye inodzikira zvakachinjika, izvo zvinotungamira kune attenuation inosvika makumi maviri dB pachinhambwe che10 mm kubva pakati petsono.Sezvinotarisirwa, kuiswa kwechinongedzo (Fig. 7b) kunoputsa symmetry iyi, uye antinodes yemafungu akamira "anotsauka" maererano nepamusoro petsono.Sezviri pachena, iyi asymmetry inokanganisa kusimba kwemwaranzi yetsono yetsono, sezvakatsanangurwa kare (Fig. 6c).Kuti unzwisise zviri nani chikamu ichi, iyo acoustic intensity yakaongororwa pamwe chete nemutsara wakachekwa orthogonal kune iyo longitudinal kutungamira kwetsono, iyo yaive mundege ye symmetry yetsono uye iri chinhambwe che 10 mm kubva pamuromo wetsono ( zvabuda muMufananidzo 7c).Kunyanya, kuparadzirwa kwesimba rekurira kwakaongororwa pa10 °, 20 ° uye 30 ° oblique angles (yebhuruu, tsvuku uye girini yakasimba mitsetse, zvichiteerana) yakafananidzwa nekugovera padhuze nemagumo akafuratirwa (black dotted curves).Kugovewa kwakasimba kwakabatana netsono dzakapfava dzinoita kunge dzakaenzanirana nechepakati petsono.Kunyanya, zvinotora kukosha kunosvika 1420 W/m2 pakati, kufashukira kunosvika 300 W/m2 pachinhambwe che ~ 8 mm, uyezve kuderera kusvika pakukosha kwe170 W/m2 pa ~ 30 mm. .Sezvo iyo muromo inonongedza, iyo yepakati lobe inopatsanurwa kuita mamwe lobes ekusiyana kwakasiyana.Kunyanya, apo α yaive 30 °, matatu petals aigona kunyatsosiyaniswa muprofile yakayerwa pa 1 mm kubva kumuromo wetsono.Iyo yepakati inenge iri pakati petsono uye inofungidzirwa kukosha kwe1850 W / m2, uye iyo yepamusoro kurudyi inenge 19 mm kubva pakati uye inosvika 2625 W / m2.Pa α = 20 °, pane 2 huru lobes: imwe pa -12 mm pa 1785 W / m2 uye imwe pa 14 mm pa 1524 W / m2.Kana muromo ukava wakapinza uye kona inosvika 10 °, huwandu hunosvika 817 W / m2 hunosvika pa -20 mm, uye mamwe matatu matatu ekunyanya kuderera zvishoma anoonekwa pamwe chete neprofile.
Kudzvinyirirwa kwenzwi mundege yesymmetry y–z yetsono ine magumo akati sandara (a) uye 10° bevel (b).(c) Acoustic intensity kugovera kunofungidzirwa pamwe chete nemutsetse wakachekwa perpendicular kune longitudinal kutungamira kwetsono, chinhambwe che 10 mm kubva kumuromo wetsono uye yakarara mundege ye symmetry yz.Kureba L i70 mm uye dhayamita D i3 mm.
Zvikatorwa pamwechete, mhedzisiro idzi dzinoratidza kuti tsono dzekurapa dzinogona kushandiswa nemazvo kuendesa ultrasound pa100 kHz kuita matishu akapfava.Kusimba kweinzwi rakaburitswa zvinoenderana neiyo geometry yetsono uye inogona kugadziridzwa (zvichienderana nezvipimo zvinoiswa nekupindirwa kweiyo yekupedzisira mudziyo) kusvika kune hutsika muhuwandu hwe1000 W/m2 (pa10 mm).yakaiswa pasi petsono 1. Muchiitiko che micrometer offset, tsono inofungidzirwa kuti yakanyatsopinzwa muchidimbu chisingagumi chinowedzera nyoro.Kunyanya, iyo bevel angle inokanganisa zvakanyanya kusimba uye kutungamira kwekupararira kwemafungu eruzha munyama, izvo zvinonyanya kutungamira kune orthogonality yekuchekwa kwetsono tip.
Kutsigira kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva ekurapa bundu zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwemaitiro ekurapa asingapindire, kupararira kweiyo low-frequency ultrasound munharaunda yebundu kwakaongororwa nekuongorora uye computational.Kunyanya, muchikamu chekutanga chekudzidza, imwe yenguva elastodynamic mhinduro yakatibvumira kuti tidzidze kupararira kwemafungu e ultrasonic mune yakasimba tumor spheroids yehukuru hunozivikanwa uye kuoma kuitira kuti tidzidze frequency senitivity yehuwandu.Zvadaro, mafambisirwo ehurongwa hwemazana ekilohertz akasarudzwa, uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo kwekudedera kushushikana munzvimbo yebundu uchishandisa dhiraivha yetsono yekurapa yakaenzanisirwa mukuenzanisa kwenhamba nekudzidza pesvedzero yemaparamendi makuru edhizaini anoona kutamiswa kweacoustic. simba rechiridzwa kune zvakatipoteredza.Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti tsono dzekurapa dzinogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira kuvheneka matishu ne ultrasound, uye kusimba kwayo kunoenderana zvakanyanya neiyo geometrical parameter yetsono, inonzi inoshanda acoustic wavelength.Muchokwadi, kusimba kweirradiation kuburikidza nenyama kunowedzera nekuwedzera kwemukati dhayamita yetsono, inosvika pakureba kana dhayamita yakapetwa katatu pawavelength.Kureba kwetsono kunopawo imwe nhanho yerusununguko kukwidziridza kuratidzwa.Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira inokwidziridzwa kana kureba kwetsono kwakaiswa kune imwe yakawanda yeanoshanda wavelength (kunyanya 4 uye 6).Sezvineiwo, kune iyo frequency renji yekufarira, iyo yakagadziridzwa dhayamita uye kureba kukosha iri padyo neiyo inowanzoshandiswa kune yakajairwa kushambadzira tsono.Iyo bevel angle, iyo inosarudza kupinza kwetsono, inokanganisawo kubuda kwemhepo, ichikwira kusvika pa50 ° uye ichipa kuita kwakanaka kunenge 10 °, iyo inowanzoshandiswa kune zvekutengesa tsono..Simulation mhedzisiro ichashandiswa kutungamira kushandiswa uye optimization yechipatara intraneedle diagnostic platform, kubatanidza diagnostic uye therapeutic ultrasound nemamwe mu-mudziyo kurapa mhinduro uye kuona kubatana kwakanyatso kupindira kwemishonga.
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